移動床生物膜反應器（MBBR）製程是一種將活性污泥（懸浮生長）和生物膜法（流化附著生長）結合的新型廢水處理製程。此製程發展於1920世紀-80年代中期，其原理是密度接近水，將懸浮載體填料添加到曝氣池中作為微生物生長載體，填料可以充分曝氣流化後與污水接觸，微生物處於氣、液、固三相生長環境，此時厭氧菌或兼性厭氧菌在載體內大量生長，外界好氧細菌，每個載體形成一個微反應器，使硝化反應和反硝化反應同時存在。
The MBBR process combines the advantages of both the traditional fluidized bed and the biological contact oxidation method, and solves the problems of fixed-bed reactor need to be backwashed regularly, fluidized bed needs to fluidize the carrier, and the flooded biological filter is easy to clog and needs to clean the packing and replace the aerator. The process is referred to as a "mobile biofilm" due to the frequent contact between the suspended filler and the effluent.
The MBBR process is suitable for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. Since the late 80s of the 20th century, MBBR has been put into use in more than 400 sewage treatment plants in 17 countries around the world, and has achieved good results. At present, the combined processes of MBBR in use include LINPOR MBBR series process and Kaldnes MBBR series process, which improve the traditional activated sludge method in terms of improving treatment effect and strengthening nitrogen and phosphorus removal.